Dipole Magnets

Dipole Magnet refers to a device with a magnetic north pole on one side and a magnetic south pole on the other side. Dipole magnets are basically used to create charged particles such as electrons such that they can be run on a curved path. They are also applied in particle accelerators so that the electrons can be distributed amongst the different sections of the facility.

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Dipole Magnets in Particle Accelerators

In particle accelerators, a dipole magnet acts as a device that makes use of electric fields to push electrically-charged particles towards high speeds and maintain the speeds. For instance, an ordinary CRT television set is the most simplified accelerator. A dipole magnet is a magnet which is constructed such that a homogenous magnetic field can be created over some distance in particle accelerators (or atom smash machines).

Dipole magnets, in a particle motion in a magnetic field, rotate in a circular movement in a plane which is perpendicular to the field and is collinear towards the direction of the particle motion and free in the orthogonal direction towards it. Particles injected into dipole magnets tend to travel on either a circular or helical trajectory (course). Addition of numerous dipole sections on the same plane leads to a rise in the bending radial effect of the beam.

Application

Dipole magnets in particle accelerators are applied for various uses, one being the realization of bends in the design trajectory (or orbit) of the particles, similar to the way it is done in circular accelerators. Other notable applications of dipole magnets include:

·   Particle injection into the accelerator

·   Particle ejection from the accelerator

·   Production of synchrotron radiation

·   Correction of orbit errors 

These magnets are widely known for its applications in traditional televisions that consist of a cathode ray tube. A cathode ray tube is basically a small particle accelerator and their magnets are referred to as ‘deflecting coils’. In case of television sets, the magnets are moved by a single spot on the screen of the TV tube in a controlled manner on the entire screen. The screen essentially has various lines for which ‘interlacing’ is frequently used, meaning thereby, one pass leads to the movement of the light spot along the odd numbered lines (I, 3, 5…) on a quick basis, thereafter along the even numbered lines (2, 4, 6…) after the next pass, and so on.